83 research outputs found
Reforming Public School Systems Through Sustained Union-Management Collaboration
Presents case studies of sustained collaboration between teachers' unions and management in school reform; common elements in initiating events, strategic priorities, supportive system infrastructure, and sustaining factors; and lessons learned
Innovation in Isolation: Labor-Management Partnerships in the United States
In the United States, as in other advanced industrial countries, worker participation in management has taken on increasing importance, placing pressures on employers and unions to change how they deal with employees/members, and with each other. This paper examines two of the most impressive cases in the U.S.: the partnerships between General Motors (G.M.) and the United Autoworkers union (U.A W.) at Saturn and between BellSouth and the Communication Workers union (C.W.A.). We outline the evolution and the basic features of these innovations, as well as highlighting certain ongoing problems. These problems, we argue, confront the parties to employment relations in the U.S. more generally, reflecting profound ambivalence about such experiments, and their continued isolation as ‘islands of excellence ’. As such, these cases both illustrate the vast potential for labor-management partnerships as well as the dampening effect of the employment relations context in the U.S
Saturn, The GM/UAW Partnership
The Impact of Co-Management and Joint Governance on Firm and Local Union PerformanceDesigned and implemented as a partnership between GM and the UAW, Saturn breaks new ground in firm governance,management and industrial relations. Through detailed study of Saturn?s partnership arrangements we have found that thelocal management and union leaders have not only implementedthe contractual joint governance institutions which involvelabor in business strategy, product development, supplier andretailer selection, and manufacturing policy, but have also created a system of co-management which gives hundreds ofjointly selected unionoperations management.1members theIn order toresponsibilities ofunderstand the impact ofthe involvement of union members as management, we analyzedthe relationship between the behaviors of both representedand non-represented middle managers, the dynanics of theirindividual union-management partnership relations,differences in their patterns of communication andcoordination, and Saturn?s quality performance. We alsoexamined each partner?s use of time to explore the balancingof social and economic tasks between represented and nonrepresentedpartners. These data were combined with analysesof the tensions within the union between its traditional rolein membership representation, and its new role in managementand governance. Finally, we raise questions regarding thelearning from and diffusion of Saturn to the rest of the GMand the UAW organizations.Funds for this researchwere provided by the AlfredP.SloanFoundation,the MIT InternationalMotorVehicleResearchProgram,the MIT Leadersfor ManufacturingProgram,and the NationalscienceFoundation.
Toward a Stakeholder Theory of the Firm: The Case of the Saturn Partnership
This paper seeks to engage the organization theory community in contemporary
debates over the role of the corporation in American society by building a stakeholder
theory of the firm. We develop a set of normative premises and positivist propositions
derived from these debates, from a combination of organization and industrial relations
theories, and by using data from the Saturn Corporation. Three questions are posed for
a stakeholder theory: (1) Under what conditions is a stakeholder firm likely to emerge,
(2) what are the critical determinants of performance in a stakeholder firm, and (3)
what will determine the sustainability and diffusion of this organizational form in the
American environment? The history, design features, and dynamics of the labormanagement
partnership at Saturn are used to illustrate and interpret a specific case of
employees as stakeholders. Saturn's governance structure, work organization, and
internal processes fit the characteristics of a stakeholder firm. Employees establish
themselves as critical stakeholders by using their knowledge to improve organizational
performance. The local union likewise contributes to firm performance by organizing
workers into a dense social network that contributes to problem solving, conflict
resolution, and quality improvement. However, the legal and political environment in
which the firm operates produces considerable uncertainty over the sustainability and
diffusion of Saturn's features in particular, and the stakeholder organizational form in
general. Additional hypotheses and research questions are proposed to continue theory
building around the more general model of the stakeholder firm. Organization theorists
are encouraged to take up the analysis of stakeholder models and thereby contribute to
the contemporary and future debates over the role the corporation in American society
The Effects of the GM/UAW Saturn Partnership on Quality Performance: A Brief Overview of Preliminary Findings
This project analyzes the effects of the co-management arrangements built into the first line
of supervision (module advisors) at the Saturn Corporation on first time quality (FTQ)
performance and improvements in first time quality. This is a very unique organizational
arrangement wherein represented (i.e., unionized) and non-represented (i.e., managers) partners
share responsibilities for co-managing production work teams. The purpose of this portion of our
work is to test whether this co-management arrangement contributes to the performance of these
work units and thereby adds value to Saturn as a whole. We focus on first time quality as the
performance measure.
In order to analyze the value-added to quality performance by Saturn's system of comanagement,
represented and non-represented operations department-level middle managers were
studied. A detailed analysis of the supervisory system at the department or module level across
Saturn's three plants (called business units) allowed us to test whether the variations in the comanagement
system and quality performance are systematically related. We analyzed the
relationship between the behavior patterns and supervisory methods of both union and non-union
middle managers, attributes of their individual union-management partnerships, differences in the
patterns of communication and coordination of each group, and performance outcomes, in
particular first-time-quality improvement. We also studied time use and the dynamics of
partnerships, including the balancing of social and economic tasks, as well as the division of labor
between represented and non-represented management.
Specifically, we examined:
1) Whether represented managers were indeed managing people and technical aspects of
the production process (called resources);
2) If represented managers were managing, did they manage their time, priorities, and
communications differently than did their non-represented partners.
3) Whether the behaviors of represented managers added value to quality performance.
4) Whether the nature of the individual represented and non-represented manager
partnerships at the department level had an impact on quality performance.
These questions are important because some industry observers believe that while over half
of the middle management positions at Saturn were indeed being filled by union members, Saturn
had simply bought labor peace at a high price. They contended that only the non-represented
managers were truly functioning in that role while the union members were either free riders or
acting as grievance committeemen focusing exclusively on people issues.
Another explanation for Saturn's remarkable quality performance is that a new 'effort
bargain' was struck between GM and the UAW (i.e. workers simply work harder). We test our
alternative hypothesis that this system of partnership and co-management systematically adds value
by increasing the rate of first-time-quality improvement. These data allow us to test which, if any,
of the specific attributes of the partnership (i.e. task balancing, represented and non-represented
relationships, communication density, problem solving, etc.) predict quality performance.
Data were collected via surveys from 150 managers across the three business units.
Multiple regression techniques were used to analyze these data, and to test for the relationship of
these specific aspects of the co-management system to first-time-quality improvement. Managers
provided data on how they used their time during the day, how they thought they should allocate
their time, and on their communications with others in the Saturn operations. The communications
data were collected over a two week time period. The differences in the level and nature of
communications were then analyzed to see if they affected quality performance outcomes.
Two measures of quality serve as the performance outcomes to assess the impact of the
Saturn partnership arrangements: 1) first time quality; and 2) quality improvement
Saturn, The GM/UAW Partnership: The Impact of Co-Management and Joint Governance on Firm and Local Union Performance
Designed and implemented as a partnership between GM and
the UAW, Saturn breaks new ground in firm governance,
management and industrial relations. Through detailed study
of Saturn's partnership arrangements we have found that the
local management and union leaders have not only implemented
the contractual joint governance institutions which involve
labor in business strategy, product development, supplier and
retailer selection, and manufacturing policy, but have also
created a system of co-management which gives hundreds of
jointly selected union
operations management.
members the
In order to
responsibilities of
understand the impact of the involvement of union members as management, we analyzed
the relationship between the behaviors of both represented
and non-represented middle managers, the dynanics of their
individual union-management partnership relations,
differences in their patterns of communication and
coordination, and Saturn's quality performance. We also
examined each partner's use of time to explore the balancing
of social and economic tasks between represented and nonrepresented
partners. These data were combined with analyses
of the tensions within the union between its traditional role
in membership representation, and its new role in management
and governance. Finally, we raise questions regarding the
learning from and diffusion of Saturn to the rest of the GM
and the UAW organizations. The key findings from our work to
date are summarized in Figure 1 and our research methods,
detailed findings, the implications we draw from these
results, and suggested next steps for our research are
discussed in more detail in the following sections.Sloan Foundation, IMV
Sweepouts of amalgamated 3-manifolds
We show that if two 3-manifolds with toroidal boundary are glued via a
`sufficiently complicated' map then every Heegaard splitting of the resulting
3-manifold is weakly reducible. Additionally, if Z is a manifold obtained by
gluing X and Y, two connected small manifolds with incompressible boundary,
along a closed surface F. Then the genus g(Z) of Z is greater than or equal to
1/2(g(X)+g(Y)-2g(F)). Both results follow from a new technique to simplify the
intersection between an incompressible surface and a strongly irreducible
Heegaard splitting.Comment: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 24
February 200
Cross-Boundary Coordination Under Organizational Stress: Communication Patterns and Resilience
Coordination is one of the key activities that organizations must carry out on a day-to-day basis to maintain reliable
performance in the face of changing conditions. When organizations come under stress it is important that they continue to
maintain high levels of coordination. Yet extensive evidence suggests that organizations and individuals within them respond
differently to stress, in ways that are sometimes functional and sometimes dysfunctional. We study the Continental air
control tower in Newark that was built to co-locate representatives from key airline functions and key external parties in
order to facilitate communication among them. Initial research was based on informal interviews and site visits, as well as
secondary analysis of company documents and industry reports. In addition, using communication network data, we
explore how cross-boundary coordination occurs under conditions of predictable and unpredictable stress, and how
co-location can facilitate adaptation to changing conditions
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